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Intersections: Disease and Death, Medicine and Religion, Medieval and Early Modern
- Edited by Lori Jones, University of Ottawa, Nükhet Varlik, Rutgers University, New Jersey
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- Book:
- Death and Disease in the Medieval and Early Modern World
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 17 December 2022
- Print publication:
- 29 November 2022, pp 1-32
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Summary
Introduction and historiographical overview
On Tuesday, 1 April 1483, Sister Eufemia dei Magni, aged 27 years, died in south-west Milan, at the monastery of Santa Maria Maddalena al Cerchio in the Porta Ticinese district. The district was named after one of the city’s medieval gates, part of the twelfth-century wall system built after the city had been destroyed by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. Beyond the gates ran the Naviglio Grande, a purpose-built canal that moved people and goods in a constant motion between the city and the Ticino River, located some fifty kilometres south-west of the city. Porta Ticinese was a busy, boisterous and densely settled district. Alongside the monastery and the ancient Basilica of San Lorenzo Maggiore with its Colonne di San Lorenzo, it housed the Citadella – like the walls and the early canal system, constructed for the medieval defence of the city against Barbarossa and his allies. Here too was located much of the city’s industrial and artisanal production. A short distance away, the waters of the outer and inner canals mixed with river water, creating an ever-changing combination of clean and dirty water that both removed waste and powered the city’s economic development and dominance – but also sometimes, like the by-products of the numerous commercial enterprises, gave rise to local concern about corruption and disease. Noise permeated the air, as did the fetid miasma arising from the many bodies working in the April sun in the mills and warehouses, at the workshops and on the nearby wharves. Within her darkened cell, however, Eufemia died quietly; the sisters’ desperate fluttering of care and uncertainties about how to stay well themselves passed unheard and unseen outside the monastery’s thick walls.
Sister Eufemia died in the early months of a catastrophic outbreak of plague that ravaged Milan between 1483 and 1486. The streets were not yet empty of people fearing the disease and, despite several possible plague deaths in the district already, life was carrying on largely as normal. Eufemia had fallen ill on the previous Thursday morning while distributing alms to the local poor. Described in her post-mortem record as ‘strenuous and burdensome’ (‘forti et honeroso’), Eufemia’s almsgiving brought her into direct physical contact with the district’s most desperate residents, many of whom were ill, injured or otherwise incapacitated, hoping not only for the worldly relief that the alms offered but also some spiritual assistance as well.
Stick and Tell A Survey of Emergency Medicine Residents and Needlestick Exposures
- Jessica Zuraw, Gretchen Sanford, Lori Winston, Shu Chan
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 34 / Issue 10 / October 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2015, pp. 1116-1118
- Print publication:
- October 2013
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An estimated 400,000–800,000 sharps-related injuries occur among healthcare workers (HCWs) annually in the United States. The risk of needlestick exposure may be particularly high among emergency medicine (EM) residents, who are learning new procedures in a relatively uncontrolled environment. Despite the potentially serious consequences of percutaneous injuries (PCIs), practitioners in training often down-play the occurrence of PCIs and do not report exposures.
Current literature implies that underreporting of needlestick injuries is multifactorial. By not seeking care after needlesticks occur and thereby delaying treatment, residents incur more risk from exposures. We sought to elucidate the underlying issues that might contribute to this lack of reporting needlestick injuries. Using an anonymous survey, we collected information regarding factors that contributed to sustaining a PCI as well as perceived barriers that prevented residents from reporting these exposures. This information is desirable for both residency programs and employee health departments to reduce the occurrence of unreported exposures.
The survey contained 19 questions, and all subjects were EM residents from the 8 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited programs in the state of Illinois during the period January–February 2011. The voluntary survey was distributed via e-mail and through a paper version distributed at a regional EM residency conference.
Looking Backward, Looking Forward: MLA Members Speak
- April Alliston, Elizabeth Ammons, Jean Arnold, Nina Baym, Sandra L. Beckett, Peter G. Beidler, Roger A. Berger, Sandra Bermann, J.J. Wilson, Troy Boone, Alison Booth, Wayne C. Booth, James Phelan, Marie Borroff, Ihab Hassan, Ulrich Weisstein, Zack Bowen, Jill Campbell, Dan Campion, Jay Caplan, Maurice Charney, Beverly Lyon Clark, Robert A. Colby, Thomas C. Coleman III, Nicole Cooley, Richard Dellamora, Morris Dickstein, Terrell Dixon, Emory Elliott, Caryl Emerson, Ann W. Engar, Lars Engle, Kai Hammermeister, N. N. Feltes, Mary Anne Ferguson, Annie Finch, Shelley Fisher Fishkin, Jerry Aline Flieger, Norman Friedman, Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, Sandra M. Gilbert, Laurie Grobman, George Guida, Liselotte Gumpel, R. K. Gupta, Florence Howe, Cathy L. Jrade, Richard A. Kaye, Calhoun Winton, Murray Krieger, Robert Langbaum, Richard A. Lanham, Marilee Lindemann, Paul Michael Lützeler, Thomas J. Lynn, Juliet Flower MacCannell, Michelle A. Massé, Irving Massey, Georges May, Christian W. Hallstein, Gita May, Lucy McDiarmid, Ellen Messer-Davidow, Koritha Mitchell, Robin Smiles, Kenyatta Albeny, George Monteiro, Joel Myerson, Alan Nadel, Ashton Nichols, Jeffrey Nishimura, Neal Oxenhandler, David Palumbo-Liu, Vincent P. Pecora, David Porter, Nancy Potter, Ronald C. Rosbottom, Elias L. Rivers, Gerhard F. Strasser, J. L. Styan, Marianna De Marco Torgovnick, Gary Totten, David van Leer, Asha Varadharajan, Orrin N. C. Wang, Sharon Willis, Louise E. Wright, Donald A. Yates, Takayuki Yokota-Murakami, Richard E. Zeikowitz, Angelika Bammer, Dale Bauer, Karl Beckson, Betsy A. Bowen, Stacey Donohue, Sheila Emerson, Gwendolyn Audrey Foster, Jay L. Halio, Karl Kroeber, Terence Hawkes, William B. Hunter, Mary Jambus, Willard F. King, Nancy K. Miller, Jody Norton, Ann Pellegrini, S. P. Rosenbaum, Lorie Roth, Robert Scholes, Joanne Shattock, Rosemary T. VanArsdel, Alfred Bendixen, Alarma Kathleen Brown, Michael J. Kiskis, Debra A. Castillo, Rey Chow, John F. Crossen, Robert F. Fleissner, Regenia Gagnier, Nicholas Howe, M. Thomas Inge, Frank Mehring, Hyungji Park, Jahan Ramazani, Kenneth M. Roemer, Deborah D. Rogers, A. LaVonne Brown Ruoff, Regina M. Schwartz, John T. Shawcross, Brenda R. Silver, Andrew von Hendy, Virginia Wright Wexman, Britta Zangen, A. Owen Aldridge, Paula R. Backscheider, Roland Bartel, E. M. Forster, Milton Birnbaum, Jonathan Bishop, Crystal Downing, Frank H. Ellis, Roberto Forns-Broggi, James R. Giles, Mary E. Giles, Susan Blair Green, Madelyn Gutwirth, Constance B. Hieatt, Titi Adepitan, Edgar C. Knowlton, Jr., Emanuel Mussman, Sally Todd Nelson, Robert O. Preyer, David Diego Rodriguez, Guy Stern, James Thorpe, Robert J. Wilson, Rebecca S. Beal, Joyce Simutis, Betsy Bowden, Sara Cooper, Wheeler Winston Dixon, Tarek el Ariss, Richard Jewell, John W. Kronik, Wendy Martin, Stuart Y. McDougal, Hugo Méndez-Ramírez, Ivy Schweitzer, Armand E. Singer, G. Thomas Tanselle, Tom Bishop, Mary Ann Caws, Marcel Gutwirth, Christophe Ippolito, Lawrence D. Kritzman, James Longenbach, Tim McCracken, Wolfe S. Molitor, Diane Quantic, Gregory Rabassa, Ellen M. Tsagaris, Anthony C. Yu, Betty Jean Craige, Wendell V. Harris, J. Hillis Miller, Jesse G. Swan, Helene Zimmer-Loew, Peter Berek, James Chandler, Hanna K. Charney, Philip Cohen, Judith Fetterley, Herbert Lindenberger, Julia Reinhard Lupton, Maximillian E. Novak, Richard Ohmann, Marjorie Perloff, Mark Reynolds, James Sledd, Harriet Turner, Marie Umeh, Flavia Aloya, Regina Barreca, Konrad Bieber, Ellis Hanson, William J. Hyde, Holly A. Laird, David Leverenz, Allen Michie, J. Wesley Miller, Marvin Rosenberg, Daniel R. Schwarz, Elizabeth Welt Trahan, Jean Fagan Yellin
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- Journal:
- PMLA / Publications of the Modern Language Association of America / Volume 115 / Issue 7 / December 2000
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 October 2020, pp. 1986-2078
- Print publication:
- December 2000
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